Hungary is heading into what could be its most consequential general election in decades. After 16 years in power, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán faces a strong challenge. Voters are focused on the economy, security, and the country's future direction.

In the final days of the campaign, US Vice President JD Vance visited Budapest to support Orbán. Analysts say the visit is unlikely to shift many votes.

Orbán's main challenger, opposition leader Peter Magyar of the Tisza party, is calling for reform. He has focused on the economy, healthcare, and education. He also argues that Hungary's tensions with the European Union carry economic costs.

"People are unhappy with the state railways, healthcare, and Hungarian public services, corruption - the state is the big issue, second is the living standards," said Bod Peter Akos, former president of the Hungarian National Bank.

"Most people have already decided who they're going to vote for, so I don't really see that as a relevant factor," said political scientist Janos Szilard Toth.

In the streets, in the squares, along the Danube, a city and country shaped by history now wrestles with questions about its future.

After 16 years in power, Orbán, an ally of US President Donald Trump and Russia's Vladimir Putin faces his strongest test yet. Across the country voters are weighing up what matters most.

"I hope we have a more socially sensitive government that makes reforms on education, social services, and healthcare because all of these issues are in disarray," said Csilla, a voter. 

"The economy, you can see that the prices are sky high," said Adrian, another elector.

"The country's budget is really in bad shape, so it's not going to be easy for whoever wins," said Janos.

This election is seen by voters as a clear choice between continuity and change, with turnout expected to reach 80 per cent. Analysts say economic pressure and concerns about the Russia-Ukraine conflict will drive voter turnout.

The contrast between the candidates is clear. Orbán and his ruling Fidesz party have focused on sovereignty, border control, the war in Ukraine, and national identity. His stance toward Russia and push for what he calls an illiberal democracy have strained ties with the European Union.

For some of Orbán's supporters, the war in Ukraine remains central.

"We are in the middle of Europe, a mid-sized country that depends on global markets and our neighbors. So peace is essential. Without it, there is no stability, and that affects the economy as well," said Gabor Kecskes, an Orbán supporter.

The outcome could shape Hungary's political and economic path for years to come.