Semiconductors: A global supply chain powering modern life

Semiconductors are the backbone of modern technology, found in everything from smartphones to cars. Yet, few realize the incredible global journey each chip takes before reaching our devices—a testament to the complexity and interdependence of supply chains.

It starts with raw materials. 

Quartz sand, often mined in the U.S. or Australia, is purified into silicon crystals in Germany or Japan. These crystals are transformed into thin wafers in South Korea, Japan, or the U.S., where cutting-edge technology ensures precision. 

The next step—fabrication—requires immense expertise and advanced facilities. Countries like South Korea, China, and the U.S. specialize in printing intricate circuit patterns onto wafers, layer by layer, to create powerful chips.

After testing and packaging, often in China or Southeast Asia, these chips are integrated into devices worldwide. 

No single country can handle every step—semiconductors rely on a global network of raw materials, innovation, and manufacturing, embodying the true spirit of international collaboration.

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