A tiny baby was among at least 59 people who have died when an overloaded migrant boat sank near the southern Italian city of Crotone on Sunday, the local mayor said.

"As of a few minutes ago, the number of confirmed victims was 59," Vincenzo Voce told TV channel Sky TG-24.

The boat was carrying around 120 people and broke up on rocks near the coast, the coastguard said. Rescue workers have said that more than 200 people had been on board.

"Dozens and dozens of people drowned, including children. Lots missing. Calabria is in mourning after this terrible tragedy," regional governor Roberto Occhiuto said.

Italian police images showed wooden debris scattered across around 100 meters of beach, with rescuers and survivors waiting to be transported to a migrant centre.

The overloaded boat broke up in violent waves off the coastal city of Crotone at dawn, according to Italian media.

AGI news agency quoted a rescue worker as saying an infant of just a few months old was among the victims.

Expressing her "deep pain," far-right Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said it was "criminal to put a boat of barely 20 meters to sea with 200 people on board and a bad weather forecast."

"The government is committed to preventing departures, and with them, this type of tragedy," she added in a statement, saying it required the "greatest" collaboration of states from where migrants set off and originate. 

Pope Francis said he would "pray for each of them, for the missing and for the other survivors."

President Sergio Mattarella said many of the migrants were from Afghanistan and Iran and were fleeing "very difficult conditions."

He called for a "strong commitment" from the international community to eradicate causes of migration, such as war, persecution and poverty.

The latest such tragedy comes just days after the government pushed through parliament a controversial new law on rescuing would-be migrants.

Meloni, the leader of the post-fascist Brothers of Italy party, won power in October partly on a promise to stem the flow of migrants reaching Italian shores.

The new law forces migrant aid vessels to make just one rescue attempt at a time, which critics say risks increasing the number of drownings in the central Mediterranean.

The route is considered the most dangerous crossing in the world for people seeking asylum in Europe.

Interior Minister Matteo Piantedosi said the latest disaster "shows how absolutely necessary it is to staunchly combat illegal immigration."

A large proportion of people fleeing conflict and poverty, for what they hope will be a better life in Europe, cross from Africa via Italy. 

According to the interior ministry, nearly 14,000 migrants have arrived in Italy by sea so far this year, up from 5,200 over the same period last year and 4,200 in the first two months of 2021.

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Charities rescuing people in difficulty at sea bring only a fraction of migrants ashore. 

Most of those who are rescued are plucked from the dangerous waters by coastguards or the navy.

Despite this, the government in Rome accuses rescue charities of encouraging migrants to attempt the crossing and boosting the fortunes of human traffickers.

"People in difficulty at sea should be rescued, whatever the cost, without penalizing those trying to help them," centrist former economy minister Carlo Calenda said on Twitter.

"It's humanly unacceptable and incomprehensible why we are here to witness avoidable tragedies," Doctors Without Borders (MSF) tweeted.